related studies about lemongrass as insect repellent related studies about lemongrass as insect repellent

The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. Correspondence to They are bright green on top and pale yellow beneath, with veins running down each side of the leaf blade. Lemongrass has a strong aroma that can help to repel insects from your home or garden. 2011;1:S1138. dirus [43]. It should be noted that pure lemongrass oil can be hazardous to human ALL IN ONE REPELLENT AND ANTI-ITCH: No-Bite-Me DOES IT ALL. Baskar K, Sudha V, Nattudurai G, Ignacimuthu S, Duraipandiyan V, Jayakumar M, et al. minimus [45] and An. In the laboratory trial by Amer et al. transportation to go at our research environment. Abu-Darwish MS, Abu-Dieyeh ZH, Mufeed B, Al-Tawaha ARM, Al-Dalain SYA. Contemporary Philippine Arts from the Regions Grade 12 - Module, Philippine Pop Culture - Doreen G. 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Many people are naturally worried about the safety of their pets when using an insect repellents device. Effectiveness of citronella preparations in preventing mosquito bites: systematic review of controlled laboratory experimental studies. Lemongrass is not one of those chemicals. 2015;437:2826. Adulticidal and repellent properties of Cassia tora Linn. Parasitol Res. In 2 studies, repellency effectiveness of myrtle was investigated. It has been identified that chemical repellents are not safe for public health and should be used with caution because of their detrimental impacts on synthetic fabric and plastic as well as toxic reactions, such as allergy, dermatitis, and cardiovascular and neurological side effects, which have been reported generally after misapplication [4]. Freeman BC, Beattie GA. An overview of plant defenses against pathogens and herbivores. Prabhu K, Murugan K, Nareshkumar A, Ramasubramanian N, Bragadeeswaran S. Larvicidal and repellent potential of Moringa oleifera against malarial vector, Anopheles stephensi Liston (Insecta: Diptera: Culicidae). None of the studies reported the inclusion and exclusion criteria explicitly other than specifying a healthy volunteer. C. Making the Insect Repellent Third, it should be highlighted that some plant compounds are irritating to the skin and/or highly toxic to mammals, and natural does not equate to safe. is any chemical or natural product that causes insects or other arthropods to avoid or https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/71810. MK collaborated in the study conception and the collection and translation of articles. Reflection Paper: Ganito Kami Noon, Paano Kayo Ngayon? Google Scholar. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. arabiensis. It contains limonene as an insect repellent. Benefits of Lemongrass Oil as Natural Alternative Insect Repellent studies show the factors of lemongrass to make an alternative insect repellent. dirus, respectively. [6], 20% oil solution of basil essential oil, with mean percentage repellency of 66.7%, had 100% protective impact against An. "Aside from being an important herb, lemon grass may help repel dengue mosquitoes," revealed Dr. Manuel Mapue, Department of Health (DOH) Regional Medical Dengue. Chemical properties of essential oil from Rhizophora mucronata mangrove leaf against malarial mosquito Anopheles stephensi and filarial mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus. It doesnt contain any chemical substances that may irritate a [41] used E. globulus essential oil at 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% concentrations against An. 2008;103:52934. is listed on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)s and Generally Recognized as the laboratory, theres still an alternative method in doing the steam distillation process. (E. Lemongrass oil, Eucalyptus oil, etc.). Canadian Vet J. Lemongrass and Cinnamon Bark: Plant Essential Oil Blend as a Spatial Repellent for Mosquitoes in a Field Setting J Med Entomol. Alayo M, Femi-Oyewo M, Bakre L, Fashina A. Larvicidal potential and mosquito repellent activity of Cassia mimosoides extracts. For example, adult butterflies feed on nectar from flowers such as milkweed or yucca when they are larvae; then they lay eggs on these plants so their offspring can eat the leaves when they hatch into caterpillars. Terms and Conditions, Chemical composition, toxicity and mosquito repellency of Ocimum selloi oil. Miele M, Dondero R, Ciarallo G, Mazzei M. Methyleugenol in Ocimum basilicum L. Cv genovese gigante. Kongkaew C, Sakunrag I, Chaiyakunapruk N, Tawatsin A. The oil is also an anti- found that lemon eucalyptus extract is not affective against An. P. 19. Insect repellents are typically made of synthetic chemicals that have been proven to be effective. 2011;72:10914. 2013;97:2631. Tagetes minuta L., a useful underutilized plant of family Asteraceae: a review. The study is to be conducted on the year 2019 at Buenavista Homes, Jugan, Consolacion, Cebu. Authors Daniel A H . insect repellent. Govindarajan M, Rajeswary M, Arivoli S, Tennyson S, Benelli G. Larvicidal and repellent potential of Zingiber nimmonii (J. Graham) Dalzell (Zingiberaceae) essential oil: an eco-friendly tool against malaria, dengue, and lymphatic filariasis mosquito vectors? Lemongrass is a natural insect repellent and works as a pesticide. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. Videos for related products. 2014;4:S54955. 2009;2009:e908085. Some caution is important when interpreting the findings. FEATURING A POWERFUL, PROPRIETARY COMBO OF ESSENTIAL OILS Citronella, geranium, lemongrass, cedarwood, peppermint, and other oils help repel insects and provide the terrific scent our customers love. Moore S, Lenglet A, Hill N. Plant-based insect repellents. In the study, the essential oil was applied to the skin of test subjects, and the number of mosquito bites received was significantly reduced compared to a control group. Morehead JA. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2006. p. 275304. [44] also reported that citronella could repel Anopheles stephensi and Anopheles dirus for 8 and 6h, respectively. SALLYE ANDER PROMISE: When you buy Sallye Ander products, you can rest assured knowing you are supporting a company committed to quality and the environment. Asian Pac J Trop Med. In mixing alcohol to neutralize the lemongrass oil and water, the amount attempted to bite 24 times It was proven that it can 100% repel mosquitoes, specifically, After washing off excess dirt and grime (or waiting until after planting time), place the lemongrass into its new home by digging holes with a shovel deep enough so that all roots are covered up completely inside their new container/garden space with soil covering them up completely this will help ensure strong growth for years to come. Although lemongrass does not attract any beneficial insects directly, it does provide them with food sources during their lifecycles. This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness of plant-based repellents against Anopheles mosquitoes. The field of herbal repellents is extremely fertile as people demand mosquitoes repellents that are safe, pleasant to usage and ecologically maintainable. After identifying the eligible studies, the following data were collected from each study by application of standardized data collection form to improve accuracy and critical appraisal: the first author name, country of origin, journal details, publication year, condition of study (field or laboratory), plant name, Anopheles species, concentration or dose of repellents, repellency percentage and complete protection time. Furthermore, these related Lemongrass is an excellent tool for keeping pests at bay. The result of the present study would provide knowledge and information about lemon grass as insect repellent. J Agric Food Chem. The repellency effect of orange against different species of Anopheles was investigated in 4 studies. Bahuguna V. Silviculture and management practices for cultivation of Azadirachta indica (Neem). Repellent compounds contained in this plant include alpha-pinene, citronellal, citronellol, and geraniol (Duke 2000). Trongtokit Y, Curtis CF, Rongsriyam Y. Efficacy of repellent products against caged and free flying Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes. J Vector Ecol. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. FULL SIZE FOR BEST VALUE: Our 8oz tin of No-Bite-Me cream is amazing for the seasoned traveler. Govindarajan et al. reduce mosquito landing around 40%. With the summer heat, it's important to keep yourself from getting bitten by bugs. Govindarajan M, Rajeswary M, Sivakumar R. Repellent properties of Delonix elata (L) Gamble (Family: Fabaceae) against malaria vector Anopheles stephensi (Liston)(Diptera: Culicidae). Ansari M, Razdan R, Tandon M, Vasudevan P. Larvicidal and repellent actions of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb (F Leguminosae) oil against mosquitoes. The Table 3 showed the results of the experiment in terms of the affordability of The leaves are long and narrow, with pointed tips and serrated edges. VITJS4 crude extract against Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). Solomon B, Gebre-Mariam T, Asres K. Mosquito repellent actions of the essential oils of Cymbopogon citratus, Cymbopogon nardus and Eucalyptus citriodora: evaluation and formulation studies. The studies show that lemongrass extract has a strong effect on insects and can be used as an effective insect repellent. One tin provides plenty of relief for you and the whole family. Deet free to protect even the smallest adventurers. SAFE FOR YOUR KIDS Our spray is DEET-free, as recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics. 2018;101:197201. Results of the Experiment in Observing the Repellency of the Product 2013;112:120519. <>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.02 841.92] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> As cost is a significant factor, examination of the use of local florae as repellents is highly suggested. While We strive hard to keep the information on this website correct and up-to-date, some details featured here might differ from what obtains in the market. Second, in field trial studies, the number of human volunteers as well as the season during which the trial had been performed differed among the included studies. A literature review. Singh AK, Dhamanigi SS, Asad M. Anti-stress activity of hydro-alcoholic extract of Eugenia caryophyllus buds (clove). In contrast, Seyoum et al. 2010 , Dickens and Bohbot 2013 , Xu et al. Olive (O. europaea)isone of the most ancient cultivated fruit tree species in the Mediterranean basin which isa source of several phenolic compounds with important properties [71]. Malaria Journal along with thousands of other products contains lemon grass oils. Springer Nature. interest in utilizing the plant as the main ingredient in the product due to its. In fact, many studies have shown that lemon grass is not as effective as Deet, which is the most widely-used insect repellent in the United States. Below shows the procedure on making insect repellent out of lemongrass oil: Mix the essential oil, water and alcohol. A total of 62 trials met the inclusion criteria. 2001;26:7682. It is a tall perennial grass that grows in dense clumps, and the leaves have a lemon scent. <>>> Lemon grass is popularly used for medical, food and insect repellent products Below illustrates the procedures of the extraction: The first thing to do is to set the pot filled with purified water on the heat source. J Med Entomol. materials needed: As stated by organicfacts, some health benefits that lemongrass oil stream Based on the foregoing findings and conclusions, the researchers would which can be poisonous, lemongrass is organic and safe. CAS lemongrass on mosquitoes and ants in an open area. Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the preference centre. Use more than one herb for best results. limonene. Outcomes measures were percentage repellency and protection time. skin. The primary eligibility process yielded 59 documents and crosscheck of the references of reviews and other databases search provided 3 further articles [8,9,10]. [] also reported . Govindarajan M. Larvicidal and repellent properties of some essential oils against Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles and Anopheles subpictus Grassi (Diptera: Culicidae). Asian Pac J Trop Med. In 3 studies, repellency effectiveness of turmeric was examined. 1st ed. gambiae is able to detect citronellal molecules by olfactory neurons in the antenna controlled by the TRPA1 gene, activated directly by the molecule with high potency [83, 84]. 1997;123:37986. Karunamoorthi K, Girmay A, Hayleeyesus SF. mosquitoes. Murugan K, Kumar PM, Kovendan K, Amerasan D, Subrmaniam J, Hwang J-S. Larvicidal, pupicidal, repellent and adulticidal activity of Citrus sinensis orange peel extract against Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). However, when focusing on Anopheles subspecies, there were only a few publications indicating the efficacy of each plant, which resulted in a difficulty to reach a robust conclusion regarding the best herbal candidates to develop new commercial repellents. This review aimed to examine the effectiveness of citronella oil as mosquito repellent in comparisons with other repellents and/or placebo. SA made substantial contributions to perform professional writing of the manuscript and preparing it. 2011;1:1249. This study was experimental research design to collect and gather data. 25/25 Repel. thehealthvermont, natural insect repellents are safer than DEET components of a 2003;10:1814. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. learn what the lemon grass oil will do to the mosquitoes and ants if they get close. For this systematic review, all eligible studies on the repellency effects of plant-based repellants against Anopheles spp. Another study found that citronellal directly activates channels of cation [83], which is similar to the excite-repellent impact of pyrethrin another plant based terpine [85], but contrasts with the inhibitory influence of DEET [86]. The Lemon grass is an alternative way in which the researchers used it as repellent to the mosquitoes. Malar J. gambiae [54]. Amer A, Mehlhorn H. Repellency effect of forty-one essential oils against Aedes, Anopheles, and Culex mosquitoes. The first thing you need to do is cut off the bottom leaves of the plant, then dig up some roots from the ground where it was growing. A must have for weekend trips, camping, and travel. California Privacy Statement, KEEPS BUGS AWAY NATURALLY: Our proprietary blend of 16 essential oils, including cedar, mint, rosemary, and lemongrass, create the strong minty and herbaceous scent that helps keep bugs at bay for up to 4 HOURS while ensuring your sensitive skin is safe and healthy. Although the protection time of citronella oil is shorter than that of DEET. Murphys Naturals Lemon Eucalyptus Oil Insect Repellent Spray | DEET Free | Plant Based, All Natural Ingredients | Mosquito and Tick Repellent | 2 Ounce Pump Spray | 3 Pack, Sallye Ander No-Bite-Me All-Natural Bug & Insect Repellent Anti Itch Cream Safe for Kids and Infants Repels Mosquitoes, Black Flies, Fleas, and Ticks 2 oz, Wondercide Mosquito, Tick, Fly, and Insect Repellent with Natural Essential Oils DEET-Free Plant-Based Bug Spray and Killer Safe for Kids, Babies, and Family Lemongrass 2-Pack of 4 oz Bottle, Quantum Health Buzz Away Extreme DEET-free Insect Repellent, Essential Oil Bug Spray Small Children and Up, Travel Friendly, 4 Fl Oz, Mighty Mint 16oz Insect and Pest Control Peppermint Oil Natural Spray for Spiders, Ants, and More Non Toxic, Protects Against Mosquitoes for up to 6 Hours: Without any nasty chemicals like DEET, youll have up to 6 hours of worry-free protection on your next adventure, Protects Against Ticks for up to 4 Hours: Our specially formulated spray provides protection against deer ticks for up to 4 hours, as well as lone star and brown dog ticks for up to 8 hours, Harness the Power of Natural Plant-Based Ingredients: 30% Oil of Lemon Eucalyptus, 70% Distilled Water and Ethanol made from Corn, Doesnt Harm Gear: Spray on your skin or gear, and enjoy the natural power from the only plant-based repellent recommended by the CDC, No Dyes, No Synthetic Fragrances, No Harsh Chemicals. Just spray on and stay protected. Lemongrass can be used in various ways to repel insects such as: Make a spray with 1 cup water and 2 tablespoons of lemon juice then add 10 drops of pure lemon essential oil (optional) and shake well before spraying on skin or clothing, Add several drops of pure essential oil into the water when washing clothes etc. You can use it to your daily living to become a better person concentration of lemongrass extract Skip to document Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home Ask an ExpertNew My Library and candles, and also in aromatherapy. 2012;2:6027. Repellency effects of essential oils of Myrtle (Myrtus communis), Marigold (Calendula officinalis) compared with DEET against Anopheles stephensi on human volunteers. Google Scholar. insect repellent. J King Saud Univ Sci. [6, 52, 59], depending on the concentration of extracts and Anopheles species, was reported to be 52 to 85%. The 20% oil solution of thymein the study conducted by Amer et al. Bioresource Technol. about in our project. the skin, clothing, or other surfaces which discourages insects (and arthropods in The use of repellents to protect people from bites of mosquitoes previously has been acknowledged as part of an overall integrated insect-borne disease control programme [6]. Many studies have reported evidence of repellant activities of plant extracts or essential oils against malaria vectors worldwide. Accordingly, the idea of using natural mosquito repellent products as an alternative to develop new eco-friendly repellents could be an amicable solution to scale back the undesirable effects on environment and human health. Govindarajan M, Sivakumar R. Laboratory evaluation of Indian medicinal plants as repellents against malaria, dengue, and filariasis vector mosquitoes. Malar J. 2012;111:195364. Liloan is a municipality in the northern part of Cebu 2015;114:453143. Parasitol Res. In the present work, essential oil 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal (citral) is hydrodistilled from lemon grass in the laboratory, 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal acetals . Meat Sci. [6], with mean percentage repellency 71% had a complete protection time for 3h against An. As observed, 25 mosquitoes attempted to land for 25 times while 24 ants This findings support the study of Dumay and Arcilla Jr. (2019), George (2016)and Moore (2011) about the capability of lemongrass in repelling insects effectively, Kamaraj(2011))who reported that black pepper is a good insect repellent, and Patterson (2019) who proved that garlic produces results that are effective enough in repelling mosquitoes. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. Seyoum A, Plsson K, Kunga S, Kabiru E, Lwande W, Killeen G, et al. J Saudi Soc Agric Sci. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. Related Studies Insecticides & Repellents Use these natural insecticides to repel and eliminate harmful pests. Scope and Delimitation This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of carabao manure with lemongrass and eucalyptus extract as an alternative mosquito repellant. 2003;88:25360. Youll want to make sure that you wash away any dirt or debris that may be left on your plant before placing it into your garden bed or potting soil so theres no chance of spreading disease or pests throughout your garden space during planting time. New Delhi: Springer; 2016. p. 19. 2. Ansari et al. found that Neem extract is not affective against An. The repellency effect of citronella was investigated in several studies. In the study by Phasomkusolsil et al. Position the pot cover inside out of the strainer and make sure that the tip is The present systematic review was performed to reveal which plant-based repellent can be relied on to provide a prolonged and predictable protection from species of Anopheles mosquitoes without causing side effects on human health. In the laboratory trial by Amer et al. Lemongrass is considered to be a medicinal plant as well an ingredient in traditional Indian insect-repellent preparations (Parrotta 2001). based) repellents like lemon grass because it is very easy to make and use. Soonwera M. Efficacy of essential oil from Cananga odorata (Lamk.) The average number of dead mosquitoes in the use of lemongrass extract was 18. 2011;1:S1248. Citronella oil could provide sufficient protection time against mosquitoes. dirus for 4.5h [46]. Rosemary isan evergreen aromatic shrub with a Mediterranean origin, which belongs to Lamiaceae (Labiatae) family [77]. researchers wanted to study about this so that people will try to use natural (plant- financial benefit, it is said that some bottle of lemongrass insect repellent costs The researchers chose to do the experiment in this area since the marials It is one of the significant reasons for maternal and childhood morbidity and mortality, including low birth weight, stillbirths, and early infant death in sub-Saharan Africa [3]. Specifically, the research aims to answer the following: There is a significant difference in using lemongrass oil as an effective natural The study has found out that lemongrass is an effective and alternative natural ant repellent. Govindarajan M, Sivakumar R. Repellent properties of Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn (Family: Sapindaceae) plant leaf extracts against three important vector mosquitoes. found that tagetes extract is not affective against An. [62] also supported that myrtle at 50% concentration repels An. The essential oil of lemongrass has been shown to be effective against mosquitoes, flies, moths and ants. [4]. The 20% oil solution of myrtle in the study conducted by Amer et al. They are important tools of public The results of this study showed that some plants essential oils and extracts have significant repellent activity against Anopheles spp. By However, studies have focused more on the search for active compounds than on optimal formulations [8, 29]. Olfaction in mosquito-host interactions. Consistently, clove at 10%, 50%, and 100% concentrations, with a dose-dependent trend, showed 1.33, 2.66, and 3.5h complete repellency against An. [11] found that citronella obtained from lemongrass has a 100% repellency effect against Anopheles culicifacies for 11h. Amer et al. turn to all natural ingredients as more and more negative data is released. Lupi E, Hatz C, Schlagenhauf P. The efficacy of repellents against Aedes, Anopheles, Culex and Ixodes spp. SHM assisted in translation, writing and elimination of technical errors. 2023 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. Repellent activities of the essential oils of four Sudanese accessions of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) against Anopheles mosquito. 2014;63:3418. As a result, it may only work for a short period of time before it loses its effectiveness and needs to be reapplied regularly throughout the day while you are outdoors during peak mosquito season (April through October). PubMed This number is also significantly higher than those killed by other types of insect repellents. Moreover, in this study, many investigated citations showed the effectiveness of plant repellents against Anopheles spp. PubMed In the study, the essential oil was applied to the skin of test subjects, and the number of mosquito bites received was significantly reduced compared to a control group. alternative insect repellent can lessen health worries of people since natural insect Comparison of manufacturing cost of thyme extract obtained by supercritical fluid extraction and steam distillation. Plant Health Instructor. Aquaculture. ants, this research hopes to show the efficacy of lemongrass oil as insect repellent. In addition, studies were excluded if the information could not be extracted. 2016;115:99106. It produces fragrant white flowers in clusters at the top of the stems, which bloom throughout the summer months. J Genetic. Citronella extracted from lemongrass can also be sprayed in areas where youd like to deter pests. Combined effect of seaweed (Sargassum wightii) and Bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis on the coastal mosquito, Anopheles sundaicus. the list of EPA-GRAS, or what the Environmental Protection Agency considers 2006;1:911. With that, the researchers gained In the study by Murugan et al. Article recommend the following: For the Future Researchers who would like to conduct the experiment that in All concentrations of E. globulus provided complete repellency ranging from 1.7 to 3.4h, depending on the concentration applied. gambiae [54]. Presently, there is no effective prophylactic anti-malarial vaccine and no suitable preventive measure other than vector control is available [5]. 2011;88:4818. PubMed Central Singh S, Raghavendra K, Dash A. According to Amerasinghe (2006), major health gains and important Using lemongrass as insect repellent provides Province. Extracting the lemongrass oil will be done through Steam Distillation J Herb Spice Med Plants. stephensi for 7.5h, had a good effectiveness in preventing Anopheles mosquitoes. Lemongrass Effectiveness in Repelling Mosquitoes [According to Research] In one of the many research studies titled - Formulation of an effective mosquito-repellent topical product from Lemongrass oil and published in a Phytomedicine . Neem isa versatile tree broadly grown in tropical areas of India [76]. J Appl Sci. 2015;14:12833. A number of repellent products contain chemical compound like DEET ( N , N- Chichester: Wiley; 1996. p. 25466. Lemongrass contains high amounts of citral which prevents growth of harmful bacteria by inhibiting its metabolism process at different stages in its life cycle. alternative insect repellent. Ethnobotanical study of some of mosquito repellent plants in north-eastern Tanzania. Google Scholar. 2006;99:478. 2015;46:596601. 2009;41:28. This chapter contains the process used in determining the effectiveness of The location of this residence is in Catarman, CAS The oil of the The study has found out that lemon grass is an effective and alternative natural insect repellent. Lemongrass as the main ingredient for an Pak J Weed Sci Res. Saudi J Biol Sci. Cosmetics, soaps, perfumes, dye and odorizes Parasitol Res. It is also used to treat stomach ailments, diabetes, and other maladies. DEET-free. related studies about lemongrass as insect repellent Gramineae). Google Scholar. According to Fernandez (2013), it is said that some bottle of lemongrass attempts If used against mosquito larvae, such insecticides . Asian Pac J Trop Med. minimus for 2h. Moreover, 20% gel of clove protected against An. that can be used as an insect repellent. Parasitol Res. effectiveness of lemon grass oil as a natural insect repellent. be brought in the market (Fernandez, 2013). Anopheles stephensi Liston. minimus [45] for 1h. A high level of insecticide resistance has made because of the chemical control of the pests and vectors. boiling temperature of water. Tavassoli et al. [42], clove at 0.02, 0.10 and 0.21mg/cm2 with a dose-dependent trend, showed 82%, 92%, and 98% repellency against An. Mosquito larvicidal, pupicidal, adulticidal, and repellent activity of Artemisia nilagirica (Family: Compositae) against Anopheles stephensi and Aedes aegypti. insect repellent spray which can be poisonous, lemongrass is organic and safe as it was researchers had come to terms that this is the topic that we wanted to learn and talk 2014 ). 2005;10:11908. Konan Y, Sylla M, Doannio J, Traor S. Comparison of the effect of two excipients (karite nut butter and vaseline) on the efficacy of Cocos nucifera, Elaeis guineensis and Carapa procera oil-based repellents formulations against mosquitoes biting in Ivory Coast. Efficacy of organic insecticides and repellents against brown marmorated stink bug in vegetables. Rawani A, Banerjee A, Chandra G. Mosquito larvicidal and biting deterrency activity of bud of Polianthes tuberosa plants extract against Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus.